Jeff Stamborski Essay Example For Students

Jeff Stamborski Essay J1368202CCJ3024 MWF 10:30 Assignment #3The adolescent equity framework is a procedure including the courts, lawenforcement offices, and rectifications with an end goal to prevent, oversee, andmaintain adolescents. This procedure is totally different from the grown-up justicesystem and is made to serve individuals under the time of greater part rather thanadults. The adolescent procedure has its own particular manners of managing itsoffenders, and dissimilar to the grown-up framework, the emphasis is on security andrehabilitation instead of rebuffing the liable. Adolescents are people that are under the period of larger part. Thismeans that they are under the lawful age in their express that permits them tobe attempted as a grown-up. In many states this age is 18, yet in a couple, the ageof lion's share is set at 16, 17, or 19. An adolescent reprobate is somebody whohas disregarded a law and is underage. These guilty parties are additionally calledinfants. The historical backdrop of the adolescent equity framework begins the mid 1800sduring the Progressive development. Certain individuals, known as kid savers,within the development started to underscore parens patriae, a principle thatclaims the state is committed to secure the prosperity of kids andstep in should the conditions consider essential. The youngster savers started topush lawmaking body and make foundations for adolescents to raise childrenabove their criminal surroundings. The most striking of these institutionsis the New York House of Refuge, which was opened in 1825. Later on, in1899, the Illinois Juvenile Court Act was passed, guided by the generalprinciples of the youngster savers development and parens patriae. This actoutlined and made the primary court structured explicitly for adolescents. After the principal adolescent court was set up, there were stillseveral significant legal disputes to help shape it into better structure. The mostknown case would be Kent v. US (1966), this case expanded thedue process model of criminal equity to the adolescent court framework also. The choice in Kents case would be demonstrated again a year later In ReGault. Later on, In Re Winship (1970), the weight of verification was upgradedto past a sensible uncertainty for adolescent demonstrations of wrongdoing. Theprinciple of twofold danger was likewise applied to the adolescent systemcomplying with the choice in Breed v. Jones (1975). Moreover, thecase of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) decided that adolescents are notconstitutionally allowed the privilege to a jury preliminary. Presently to analyze the framework itself. The principal part of the justicesystem that an adolescent interacts with is the law requirement organization. The police can arrest adolescents for offenses that would not beconsidered a wrongdoing whenever submitted by a grown-up. These are called statusoffenses. Instances of status guilty parties are truants, wanderers, curfewviolators, and minors possessing tobacco and liquor. Police are confronted with the need to utilize more tact when dealingwith adolescents since they dont have a similar established rights asadults. For instance, childrenin school can be looked with a warrant orprobably cause. Cops manage the adolescent and hisoffense, yet in addition with his gatekeeper. Commonly, when an adolescent is takeninto care he is discharged to his watchman as opposed to posting bond. When an adolescent is handled, they are brought through the courtsystem. Adolescent courts will in general be casual and private and theproceedings manage both similar kinds of wrongdoings that grown-ups submit andstatus offenses. Likewise, not the entirety of the kids that come in contact withthe adolescent court framework are lawbreakers. Commonly we see cases ofchildren who are manhandled by their family and are there in light of the fact that they need thecourt to intercede for their own insurance. The ideal for the court toexercise such authority depends on the standards of parens patriae. .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .postImageUrl , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:hover , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:visited , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:active { border:0!important; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:active , .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed34 34fa7ff98b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u25bf0742ca54289474ed3434fa7ff98b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: John Steinbeck (811 words) EssayThe last phase of the adolescent equity framework is remedies. Thisis where the most contrasts are found between the adolescent and adultjustice frameworks. Treatment and recovery are the focal point of thejuvenile framework instead of the discipline of grown-up wrongdoers. There aremany various perspectives on the most proficient method to best treat adolescent guilty parties in thissystem, and parental association is a significant key. One hypothesis on wrongdoing is that it is a malady that can be treatedwith the correct clinical consideration and treatment. This treatment model does notinclude detainment. Rather it depends vigorously on bunch therapy,controlled consumes less calories, and endorsed prescription. Another way of thinking in adolescent rectifications is the communityreintegration model. This is when adolescents are either placed in temporaryhomes or discharged to gatekeepers and are required to do network administration aspunishment for their violations. This permits the guilty party to address hismistakes and simultaneously become associated with the network. One other model is called reality treatment. This is when juvenileoffenders will be secured up a confinement office for a brief period oftime to attempt to panic them trying to cause them to act. Having themtalk to detainees or previous prisoners will likewise achieve this objective. A few people feel that adolescents ought to be taken care of in the justdesserts way. At the end of the day, on the off chance that you do the wrongdoing, you should do thetime. This model burdens the guilty parties responsibility for their crimesand is stricter with them paying little heed to the offense. Despite the fact that this is amuch harsher approach to deal with adolescent misconduct it has been demonstrated thatthese youngsters are less disposed to recidivism then the individuals who are putthrough other treatment programs. The forestall/control model is another type of taking care of adolescents. Inthis model the emphasis is on stopping misconduct before it happens. This isdone through various sorts of useful exercises set up for young people. Sorts of projects incorporate wild projects, sports, and otherrecreational exercises. The item is to give them positive andfulfilling exercises with the goal that they won't go to wrongdoing. Setting curfewsfor those under the time of greater part additionally seems, by all accounts, to be useful under thismodel. The last model I will talk about is the equity model. This modelfocuses on reasonable and sensible treatment for those saw as blameworthy of a wrongdoing. It doesn't dismiss the rehabilitative model, however asserts that a personsvoluntary interest in the program is the way to adequacy. With the goal that summarizes how the adolescent equity framework functions, yet what aresome instances of wrongdoings that land an adolescent in the framework? What mostpeople consider first are the wrongdoings that are submitted in schools, theseare the ones that are consistently on the news. Three principle major vicious crimesin schools are assault, theft, and ambush. Above all else, assault is an intense wrongdoing that is submitted withinschools. In all likelihood, the casualty is a young lady, and the culprit is a youngboy who is misled on sex and sexual relations, and has a history ofviolence amazingly. To keep assault from occurring, it is significant tohave programs in school about sexual instruction to ensure that childrenhave the proper perspectives on the other gender, and what is and is notwrong direct. Great good foundations are imperative to set up in youngsters toprevent school wrongdoing. Theft is all to basic among assorted types ofstudents, yet can not so much be halted until the understudy has been punished(including suspension, detainment, and so forth.) enough that the individual in question finallyrealizes what they are doing is morally off-base. Ambush is another normal demonstration of brutality in schools. Almosteveryone in the United States has either taken an interest in or seen afight at school when they were growing up. The best way to deal with studentswho battle is

Creation Vs Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Free Essays

Creation Vs Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Free Essays Creation Vs Evolution There are a wide range of living things on earth. New species and diverse sub species are advancing each second as others vanish. So as to clarify the starting point of life, individuals have utilized the book of scriptures story of creation, while others thought of their own hypotheses. Out of each one of those speculations, the hypothesis of advancement by Charles Darwin appears to have the most supporting proof to back it up. Proof on earth proposes that solitary cell animals are the predecessors of all life. These living beings gradually advanced into air breathing animals when oxygen was made. Gradually, the as land evaporated, these animals moved away from the water and on to land where they developed legs and a solid spine. The hypothesis of advancement by Charles Darwin clarified how life developed from natural selection, it gives an intelligent clarification of the transformative procedure these animals took, and how human became. Proof on earth shows that solitary cell living beings in the end advanced to multicelled life forms and complex creatures. On the off chance that you take a gander at old fossil records, the most established fossils are generally single cell animals. These straightforward animals don't expect oxygen to live. It took in vitality from the sun and other vitality sources. Gradually as oxygen shows up on Earth, a portion of the life forms started to develop lungs to inhale oxygen since When free oxygen entered the image. Breathing is more effective than drawing vitality from the aging procedure that prior magnifying lens life utilized. (Science: Biology Pg. 36) Other living beings that didn't advance lungs either ceased to exist or went down to more profound profundities of the sea; Oxygen was first think about a toxin by tiny animals. (Development Pg. 36) Because of the free Oxygen the individuals who didn't change were slaughtered. The development through common choice and natural selec tion shows that Darwin hypothesis is right. Because of the absence of oxygen inside the sea , fish gradually developed to the state of land. Because of the abrupt increment in the number of inhabitants in fish and other marine living being. Because of the unexpected increment in the number of inhabitants in marines life, the oxygen level inside the sea diminished. Researcher accept that the lung fish developed due to an absence of oxygen in the ocean. The lung fish figured out how to ascend from the ocean and take in the oxygen vital for endurance. (Development proof Pg. 38) As more land develops and dry, downpour gathered and framed new water lakes and waterways. A portion of the fish got abandoned by the retreating sea. Many fish that became abandoned kicked the bucket since they couldn't adjust to the new condition; those fish required salt water to lived passed on. Be that as it may, some adjusted to their condition. (Advancement Pg. 38) The flap balance fish was another developmental way fish toke to maintain a strategic distance from the absence of oxygen in the ocean. Fossil record shows that flap finned lung fish took another transformative way. (Microsoft Encarta Pg. 2) The projection balance fish was practically equipped for leaving the water. It just required more muscles in the joints to have the option to lift it self up, on account of this numerous individuals accept that the flap balance fish was the predecessor of early reptilian animals. The diverse transformative ways the fish have taken shows that life changes in reactions to various ecological conditions. Fossil records in South America, uncovers that there are many sub types of humankind. The fossil of Neanderthal man was find soon after Darwin distributed his book on development.. The Neanderthal man was consider to be a predecessor of humankind in light of the size of the skull which proposed that it had a little cerebrum. The inclining temple is likewise a sign that it is a precursor of humankind. Not long after the disclosure of the Neanderthal was found in the 1890's. This fossil was known as the Java Man, the Java Man was not think about the missing connection among people and chimps. (Advancement Pg. 102) The Java Man was too indistinguishable a typical human to be the missing connection. The missing connection is a fossil of an animal that is in a transitional state between it unique structure and it

Can You Be Addicted to Your Fitness Tracker

Can You Be Addicted to Your Fitness Tracker Addiction Print Can You Be Addicted to Your Fitness Tracker? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 07, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on February 07, 2020 Rawpixel/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand The Allure of Counting Steps Why Track Fitness How Effective Are They Next Steps Be More Effective View All Back To Top Smartwatches and fitness trackers have become a popular trend in recent years. These handy tools can keep track of your daily steps, heart rate, sleep, and more. They can be a convenient and even fun way of staying motivated, hitting your exercise goals, and challenging your workout buddies. While they are geared toward encouraging a healthy lifestyle, some experts worry that these devices might contribute to addictive behaviors and even exercise addictions.   Do you check your step count whenever you’ve been out running errands? Or do you pace around the house each night to boost your numbers up over your daily goal? Or maybe you find yourself taking the stairs more or parking further from your destination just so you can get your heart rate up in your target zone.   These kinds of behaviors probably mean you are benefiting from your fitness watch. Youre increasing your activity level each day in small ways that are good for your health.   Or do you find yourself obsessively checking your steps and heart rate all day long? Are you setting increasingly unrealistic daily goals that involve working out for long sessions or even multiple sessions each day? If you’re engaging in these kinds of behaviors, it might be a sign that you are addicted to your fitness tracker. Signs You Might Be Hooked There are some signs that your obsession with your fitness tracker might be problematic:You keep increasing the length of your workouts because your tracker makes you feel like you need to keep doing moreYou neglect friends and responsibilities so that you have more time to workoutYou feel anxious, irritable, or upset when you are not able to use your fitness deviceYou feel like you dont have control over your behavior; you use your device more than you intended or workout more than you plannedYour fitness device uses up a great deal of time, interferes with other activities, or causes you to withdraw from other things you enjoyYou keep using your device excessively even though these behaviors upset you or you know that they are unhealthyYou feel very upset or even ashamed when you don’t reach your daily activity goal The Allure of Counting Steps There are a number of reasons why hitting a daily step count (often 10,000 a day) can be so appealing.   It’s a very tangible, concrete goal, and wearing a device that tells you how far you’ve come and how far you have to go can feel very motivating.  Having a daily step goal can give you the drive to move more during the day, which might help you make better choices such as parking further from your destination or taking the stairs.It can make you feel like you are taking definite actions towards your fitness goals. Your smart device not only tells you how many steps you’ve walked but also lets you look back at your history and visually chart your daily activity. This can be a compelling visual view of your progress.Tracking your steps can also help harness your competitive nature to work toward a healthy goal. Whether you are just trying to beat your own personal record or doing daily challenges with your workout buddies, having a little friendly competition can help keep you inspired to move more. Of course, this obsession with step counts can also be problematic. Failing to meet your daily goal can be demotivating. Rather than focusing on your progress, you might get hung up on your shortcomings. Another problem is that you might find yourself paying to much attention to an arbitrary number rather than focusing intuitively on how your body feels. Form, effort, and intensity all play an important role in workout effectiveness and injury preventionâ€"none of which can be fully captured by a fitness tracker. Paying attention to your heart rate can be helpful, but it still doesn’t convey what you are really feeling. You might find yourself working through soreness, pain, or even injury just to hit that step count goal. Why Track Fitness The goal of fitness trackers is not just to provide detailed information on behaviorsâ€"they are also designed to encourage you to make healthier choices. The goal is to get you “hooked” on your device so that you rely on its feedback and use that information to set goals, stay motivated, and stick to your fitness plans.   Many indicators suggest that, if anything, wearable fitness devices may not be addictive enough. A 2016 survey found that wearable fitness trackers have a high abandonment rate, with approximately 30% of people giving up their smartwatches and fitness trackers because they did not find them useful or interesting.   So even if you do track your steps and strive to hit that target 10,000 per day, just wearing your device might not be enough to help you stay on track.   How Effective Are They While fitness tracker addiction has garnered headlines, most findings suggest that the majority of people eventually stop using their wearable devices. The question also remains as to how much these fitness trackers actually help people become more fit. The available research remains skimpy and largely inconclusive.   Simply providing information about health does not necessarily result in changes in behavior. Researchers suggest that there is little evidence that wearable devices actually bridge the gap between tracking health information and making better fitness choices. One year-long study showed disappointing results in terms of effectiveness. The study looked at 800 adults who were divided into four groups. The first group wore a clip-on fitness tracker and received a cash incentive if they walked more than 50,000 steps a weekThe next group also received a cash incentive, but they were required to donate it to charityA third group wore the activity tracker but did not receive a cash incentiveThe last group did not wear a tracker or get a cash incentive The results were that while the participants in the first group did walk more for the first six months of the study, by the one-year mark, 90% had stopped wearing their activity tracker. The results indicated that an activity tracker had no overall impact on health, even when combined with a financial incentive. Another study looking at the impact of fitness trackers on weight loss found that people who wear these devices were no more active than those who did not. Perhaps more surprisingly, the study found that people who did not wear a tracker actually lost more weight than those who did. The available research suggests that the vast majority of people don’t get addicted to their fitness trackers and that most abandon their device completely in the first year. While this suggests that there is likely little danger of becoming too hooked on your device, it doesn’t mean that it isn’t possible, particularly if you tend to fixate on fitness or have an existing exercise addiction. Next Steps If you do fear that you might be addicted to your fitness tracker, there are some steps that you should consider taking: Set limits. If you are spending too much time looking at your smartwatch or exercising excessively each day, try to reign it in gradually by setting limits. Tell yourself that you will only check your tracker a few times each day. Restrict your daily step count to a level that is comfortable and not so high that it takes an excessive chunk out of your day to achieve.Use distraction. Find other things to do that don’t involve checking your exercise tracker. Engaging in hobbies or socializing with friends can help get your mind on other things.Skip wearing your device. While it isn’t necessary to give up your fitness tracker entirely, not wearing it on occasion can help keep you from being too focused on your daily step count.Remove fitness apps from your phone. If you find yourself getting too hung up on the data from your device, try deleting the corresponding app from your phone, at least for a while. It can be hard to keep your mind off your tracker if you are constantly receiv ing notifications. Talk to your doctor if your obsession with your fitness tracker is interfering with your daily life. You might have an exercise addiction, a form of behavioral addiction that can have a serious impact on your health and well-being. Make Your Fitness Tracker More Effective If you’re having trouble sticking to your fitness goals and have given up on your tracker, there are some things you can do to make these devices more appealing and effective. Researchers note that while fitness trackers and smartwatches often incorporate elements focused on changing behaviors, they may be more useful if they also work on helping people change their thoughts and attitudes about their ability to exercise. Some things that might make your tracker more useful: Have an action plan. Just tracking your daily activity isn’t enough. You need to come up with a detailed plan that shows how you will reach your goals, step by step.Start small. Don’t focus on hitting a step count that someone else has chosen or one that feels too high for your current fitness level. Pick a number that is right for you, do a little each day, and then slowly work your way up to a more ambitious goal.Focus on quality rather than quantity. Don’t get hung up on setting ambitious daily step goals. Research suggests that it is better to get a shorter, higher-quality workout than a longer, low-quality workout. It is also important to find ways to maintain your intrinsic motivation. Research has shown that when people receive external rewards for things they already enjoy doing, it reduces internal motivation, a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect. Data from a fitness tracker can become a form of extrinsic reward, particularly if you get hung up on hitting a count goal.   One study found that people are more likely to stick to their exercise goals when they are motivated by intrinsic rewards (such as enjoyment and pride) rather than external ones. You can try to avoid this by focusing on the things that you enjoy about your workouts, such as feeling more energetic or being able to get outside and enjoy the outdoors. A Word From Verywell A fitness tracker can be a useful tool when used properly. Your device can give you helpful feedback about how much you are doing each day, but it is important to remember that it isn’t a quick fix. If you find that you are spending too much time thinking about what your fitness monitor is telling you, it might be time to get back to basics and pay less attention to your watch and more attention to what your body is telling you. What Is Exercise Addiction and Are You at Risk?

The 10 Animal Facts You Need to Know

Cell Phone Use And Its Impact On Personal Relationships Essay

Who would have thought that in a little less than twenty years, technology would have practically taken over people’s lives? With the rise of texting and social media, people have become more glued to their phones than anything else. This in turn can affect their social lives, mental health, and overall outlook on life. With these criteria as a background, scholars are starting to spend more time focusing on phone use and its impact on personal relationships. Because of this, I agree that texting and phone use does not actually reduce people’s ability to maintain relationships and/or make it harder to develop bonds between others, which is a point that needs emphasizing since so many people believe that it is because of cell-phones that it is harder to cultivate genuine relationships. Some people would say that texting is a limited way of communicating with others, and that it creates uncertainty in relationships due to the fact that the time it takes someone to reply t o a text can say a lot about their attitude towards a certain person. Although this can create tension between people, texting remains a good way to maintain a relationship with someone by being a convenient way to stay in contact and make concrete plans to see each other in person. An example that backs up the argument about communication through texting was written in the Huffington Post by Towson University graduate student Amanda Klein titled â€Å"Text Messaging: Effects on Romantic Relationships andShow MoreRelatedCell Phones: Does Using Cell Phones Make People More or Less Connected?1281 Words   |  6 PagesCell phones: Does using cell phones make people more or less connected? Article 1 About writer: Helen Lee Lin in 2012. 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(â€Å"UN says world has 6 billion cell phone subscribers, 2.3 billion Internet users†). With a number this high one must ask whether or not cell phones are more beneficial than they are harmful. Everyone recognizes the benefits of cell phones, b ut how often does society acknowledge the harms that cell phones induce on the public. The simplicity of communication through the use of cell phones does not outweigh the distractions caused by cell phones, becauseRead MoreCell Phone As The Main Tool Of Communication1040 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasingly. Mobile phone as the main tool of communication comes into people s daily life. With the development of science and technology, cell phones provide people an easy, and fast way of communication. The cell phone is easy carry, and it helps people keep in touch with others. This is a reason why most people choose the cell phone as their main tool of communication. People rely on their phones. 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Akamai Teknologi Free Essays

Why don’t major business firms distribute their videos using P2P networks like BitTorrent? BitTorrent is a protocol that supports the practice of peer-to-peer file sharing and is used for distributing large amounts of data over the Internet. Peer-to-peer  (P2P) networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or work loads between peers. Emerging collaborative P2P systems are going beyond the era of peers doing similar things while sharing resources, and are looking for diverse peers that can bring in unique resources and capabilities to a virtual community thereby empowering it to engage in greater tasks beyond those that can be accomplished by individual peers, yet that are beneficial to all the peers. We will write a custom essay sample on Akamai Teknologi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major business firms distribute their videos not using P2P networks like BitTorrent Because Akamai’s service is available in all countries in the world. For example, 85% of the world’s Internet users are within a single network â€Å"hop† of an Akamai server. Akamai has A wide range of large corporate and government clients: 1 out of every 3 global Fortune 500 companies, 90 of the top 100 online U. S. retailers, all branches of the U. S. military, all of the top Internet portals, all the major U. S. sports leagues, and so on. Akamai has over 73,000 servers on nearly 1,000 networks in 70 countries around the world. In the 2010, Akamai delivers between 15% and 30% of all Web traffic, and hundreds of billions of daily Internet interactions. Akamai’s massive server deployment and relationships with networks throughout the World enable optimal collection of geography and bandwidth-sensing information. Beside that, the Akamai it has an special way which this company is using it to make an easily download’s for the costumers such as videos, music and so on. However, Web sites that are â€Å"Akamaized† can be delivered anywhere from 4 to 10 times as fast as non-Akamaized content. P2P means the sharing of files between users of the P2P service such as Bittorent or Bitlord. But this also means that all users are actually servers meaning that it is not easy to collect user data. Also major firms might want to use Akamai instead of P2P as it is more reliable, secure and stable. With the underlying infrastructure of the Internet major companies will most likely not benefit from P2P services. Due to the slow loading of websites companies will most likely chose for a web-streamed based content. These content are often saved on a local server and are most likely quicker distributed to their costumers. As a result, Akamai provides a highly accurate knowledge base with worldwide coverage. Customers integrate a simple program into their Web server or application server. This program communicates with the Akamai database to retrieve the very latest information. The Akamai network of servers is constantly mapping the Internet, and at the same time, each company’s software is in continual communication with the Akamai network. The result: data is always current. Advertisers can deliver ads based on country, region, city, market area, area code, county, zip code, connection type, and speed. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BitTorrent http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/The_World_of_Peer-to Peer_(P2P)/Networks_and_Protocols/BitTorrent http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Peer-to-peer How to cite Akamai Teknologi, Papers

UFOs and effect on people Essay Example For Students

UFOs and effect on people Essay The Effects of UFOs on PeopleBy Steve EdwardsAlmost every civilization in history that has kept a written history has recorded the sightings of strange objects and lights in the skies. These objects have been described as glowing wheels, colored balls of light, and disk shaped objects. Today unexplained aerial phenomena are generally referred to as unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or flying saucers. The effects of extra terrestrial sightings can have an adverse effect on people if influenced the wrong way. No solid proof has shown that UFOs are real, but many sightings cannot be proven otherwise. The media, stories, or ones own experience may often influence what one believes. The government once stated that they had captured extra terrestrials. (60 minutes, CBS) On the contrary, most scientists now agree that almost all sightings and stories of extra terrestrials are not authentic. We will write a custom essay on UFOs and effect on people specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The United States government has records of thousands of UFO sightings since 1948, including photos of alleged UFOs and interviews with people who claim to have seen them. Since UFOs were considered a potential security risk, the report on these sightings was originally classified as secret. (Craig, 917) When the report was later declassified it showed that 90 percent of all UFO sightings could be easily explained. Most of the sightings turned out to be celestial objects, such as stars or bright planets like Venus, or atmospheric events such as auroras or meteors falling through the atmosphere. Many other sightings turned out to be objects such as weather balloons, satellites, aircraft lights, or formations of birds. Often these sightings were accompanied by unusual weather conditions. Only 5.6 percent of these cases were not explained. Testimonies by people are often very inaccurate and dramatized. People have the tendency to explain everything they see, which is not usually completely accurate. The unaided human eye can be tricked into hallucination and has an inaccurate depth perception. Reflections from windows and eyeglasses can provide an optical illusion of a UFO. Radar is much more reliable to identify objects, but it cannot detect many characteristics that separate natural phenomena and physical objects. Radar often picks up ionized gas, rain, or thermal discontinuities. Electronic interference is also a frequent problem. Either way, scientists are left with many unanswered questions. There are many mysteries about UFOs with many indefinite answers.Many investigators have tried to solve some peculiar questions about UFOs, but many of their conclusions cannot be proven. In 1968 the United States Air Force asked Edward U. Condon, a physicist at the University of Colorado, to head a panel studying the claims of extraterrestrial crafts. (Unidentified Flying Objects, Encarta encyclopedia) The committees final report was reviewed by a special committee of the National Academy of Sciences and released in early 1969. The 37 scientists who contributed to the report interviewed UFO witnesses and studied physical and photographic evidence. The report, also known as the Condon Report, concluded that not only was there no evidence of extraterrestrial control of UFOs but also that no further UFO studies were needed. Their advice was accepted by the United States, but for other independent laboratories it was not enough. Whether or not a person believes UFOs are, in fact, real or not is probably because of influence from the media. For instance, the smash hit movie Independence Day was a movie about aliens attacking Earth so they can keep it for themselves. The company that made the movie, FOX, has been promoting extra terrestrial ideas to bring media attention to UFOs. The company bought the stretch of highway 375 outside the mysterious secret military base named Area 51, which plays an important part in the movie. In it, several aliens were captured and stored along with their aircraft. In fact, the government has announced that it has captured aliens and their aircraft, but that was later denied. (Woolward, 912) This has been said to be the cause of the vast amount of UFO reports since 1948. The government also denied that Area 51 even existed for several years, even though it had been photographed many times. Today, the military base is thought to be a very heavily guarded test sight for many ste alth planes in development for the military,

“Catcher in the Rye” and “Rebel without a cause” Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay Essay Example â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay Paper â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Catcher in the Rye When one both reads Catcher in the Rye and sees Rebel Without a Cause. he or she can’t aid but inquire if the authors. Nicholas Ray and J. D. Salinger. someway knew each other. or if one author copied the thoughts of the other. Jim Stark and Holden Caulfield. the two chief characters of the narratives. have so much in common that if they of all time met one another. they would instantly go friends. The chief subject that applies to both plants is adolescent rebellion. Holden and Jim seem to acquire into problem frequently. which affects many different facets of their lives. including their friends. household. school. location. and self-image. Holden’s and Jim’s parents have really similar attitudes towards their kids. They both appear to botch their kids indefinitely. a common show of parents during the 1950’s. Jim’s male parent mentioned that he bought Jim everything he wants. including a auto and bike. Holden said that his female parent had late sent ice skates to his school for him. Besides. both parents show embarrassment of their children’s delinquent behaviour. Neither Jim’s nor Holden’s male parents are good function theoretical accounts for their boies. Jim feels that his male parent is cowardly. weak. and a poulet. Holden’s male parent isn’t of all time about. since Holden is ever at one get oning school or another. Furthermore. both boies feel misunderstood by their parents. The major difference between Holden’s and Jim’s households is that Holden’s parents trade with his jobs by directing him off to prep schools. whereas Jim’s parents seek to be more involved in their son’s life and travel with him from town to town. A minor difference in their households is that Jim is an lone kid. but Holden has three siblings. Holden does non truly hold any friends. He invariably criticizes and complains about the people he interacts with. seldom has anything positive to state about them. and does non see anyone his existent friend. Jim tries to do friends with the childs at his new school. but merely succeeds in deriving two existent 1s. Plato. who is a societal castaway at school. leaps at the opportunity to go Jim’s friend. Judy. nevertheless. makes merriment of Jim with her friends until her fellow. Buzz. is killed. Then. she seeks comfort in Jim and they fall in love. Both the Jim and Holden feel like castawaies. which is a major portion of their rebellion. However. where Jim tries to suit in and is rejected by his equals. Holden does non do such efforts and he is the 1 who rejects his schoolmates. Neither Holden nor Jim fit into their schools. Holden has a batch of academic jobs. although he appears to be a reasonably intelligent male child. Jim. on the other manus. has societal jobs. In his old schools. he had a inclination to crush up childs for naming him poulet. He besides feels the demand to maintain his award. and hence take part in the â€Å"chickie fight† against Buzz. which leads to Buzz’s decease. Holden seems to set in really small to no attempt in his school assignment and adjustment in. He doesn’t truly care that he flunks out of his categories. Jim’s academic life wasn’t truly portrayed in the movie. but he did seek to suit in. When he was scolded for walking over the school’s insignia. he felt really regretful about it. Therefore. Jim is non ever deliberately rebellious. but Holden’s rebellion is calculated. Jim’s and Holden’s emotional confusion affect their lives likewise. Both are highly misunderstood by both the populace and their ain households. Although they appear to be rebellious and tough. both have a more sensitive inside. They suffer from disaffection from their households and equals. but Jim decidedly strives towards credence while Holden does non. If Catcher in the Rye had been made into a film. James Dean would hold been the perfect histrion to play the portion of Holden. since his portraiture of Jim was so precise.

Biography of Dom Pedro I, First Emperor of Brazil

Biography of Dom Pedro I, First Emperor of Brazil Dom Pedro I (October 12, 1798–September 24, 1834) was the first Emperor of Brazil and was also Dom Pedro IV, King of Portugal. He is best remembered as the man who declared Brazil independent from Portugal in 1822. He set himself up as Emperor of Brazil but returned to Portugal to claim the crown after his father died, abdicating Brazil in favor of his young son Pedro II. He died young in 1834 at the age of 35. Fast Facts: Dom Pedro I Known For: Declaring Brazils independence and serving as emperorAlso Known As: Pedro de Alcà ¢ntara Francisco Antà ³nio Joo Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Josà © Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim, The Liberator, The Soldier KingBorn: October 12, 1798 in the  Queluz Royal Palace  near  Lisbon,  PortugalParents: Prince Dom Joo (later King Dom  Joo  VI), Doà ±a  Carlota JoaquinaDied: September 24, 1834  at Queluz Palace, Lisbon, PortugalAwards and Honors:  Multiple Brazilian and Portuguese titles and honorsSpouse(s): Maria Leopoldina, Amà ©lie of LeuchtenbergChildren: Maria (later Queen Dona  Maria  II of Portugal),  Miguel,  Joo,  Januria,  Paula,  Francisca, PedroNotable Quote: It grieves me to see my fellow humans giving a man tributes appropriate for the divinity, I know that my blood is the same color as that of the Negroes. Early Life Dom Pedro I was born with the lengthy name of Pedro de Alcà ¢ntara Francisco Antà ³nio Joo Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Josà © Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim on October 12, 1798, in the Queluz Royal Palace outside of Lisbon. He was descended from royal lineage on both sides: on his fathers side, he was of the House of Braganà §a, the royal house of Portugal, and his mother was Carlota of Spain, daughter of King Carlos IV. At the time of his birth, Portugal was ruled by Pedros grandmother Queen Maria I, whose sanity was quickly deteriorating. Pedros father Joo VI essentially ruled in his mothers name. Pedro became heir to the throne in 1801 when his older brother died. As a young prince, Pedro had the best schooling and tutoring available. Flight to Brazil In 1807, Napoleon’s troops conquered the Iberian Peninsula. Wishing to avoid the fate of the ruling family of Spain, who were â€Å"guests† of Napoleon, the Portuguese royal family and court fled to Brazil. Queen Maria, Prince Joo, young Pedro, and thousands of other nobles set sail in November of 1807 just ahead of Napoleon’s approaching troops. They were escorted by British warships, and Britain and Brazil would enjoy a special relationship for decades to follow. The royal convoy arrived in Brazil in January of 1808: Prince Joo set up a court-in-exile in Rio de Janeiro. Young Pedro rarely saw his parents; his father was very busy governing and left Pedro to his tutors and his mother was an unhappy woman who was estranged from her husband, had little desire to see her children, and lived in a different palace. Pedro was a bright young man who was good in his studies when he applied himself, but he lacked discipline. Pedro, Prince of Brazil As a young man, Pedro was handsome and energetic and fond of physical activities like horseback riding, at which he excelled. He had little patience for things that bored him, such as his studies or statecraft, although he did develop into a very skilled woodworker and musician. He was also fond of women and began a string of affairs at a young age. He was betrothed to Archduchess Maria Leopoldina, an Austrian Princess. Married by proxy, he was already her husband when he greeted her at the port of Rio de Janeiro six months later. Together they would have seven children. Leopoldina was much better at statecraft than Pedro and the people of Brazil loved her, although Pedro found her plain and continued to have regular affairs, much to Leopoldinas dismay. Pedro Becomes Emperor of Brazil In 1815, Napoleon was defeated and the Braganà §a family was once again rulers of Portugal. Queen Maria, by then long descended into madness, died in 1816, making Joo king of Portugal. Joo was reluctant to move the court back to Portugal, however, and ruled from Brazil via a proxy council. There was some talk of sending Pedro to Portugal to rule in his fathers place, but in the end Joo decided he had to go to Portugal himself in order to make sure that Portuguese liberals did not entirely do away with the position of the king and royal family. In April 1821, Joo departed, leaving Pedro in charge. He told Pedro that if Brazil started moving toward independence, he should not fight it and instead make sure he was crowned emperor. Independence of Brazil The people of Brazil, who had enjoyed the privilege of being the seat of royal authority, did not take well to returning to colony status. Pedro took his fathers advice, and also that of his wife, who wrote to him: The apple is ripe: pick it now, or it will rot. Pedro dramatically declared independence on September 7, 1822, in the city of So Paulo. He was crowned emperor of Brazil on December 1, 1822. Independence was achieved with very little bloodshed: some Portuguese loyalists fought in isolated locations, but by 1824 all of Brazil was unified with relatively little violence. In this, Scottish Admiral Lord Thomas Cochrane was invaluable: with a very small Brazilian fleet, he drove the Portuguese out of Brazilian waters with a combination of muscle and bluff. Pedro proved himself skillful in dealing with rebels and dissidents. By 1824, Brazil had its own Constitution and its independence was recognized by the United States and Great Britain. On August 25, 1825, Portugal formally recognized Brazils independence; it helped that Joo was the king of Portugal at the time. A Troubled Ruler After independence, Pedro’s lack of attention to his studies came back to haunt him. A series of crises made life difficult for the young ruler. Cisplatina, one of Brazil’s southern provinces, split off with encouragement from Argentina: it would eventually become Uruguay. He had a well-publicized falling-out with Josà © Bonifcio de Andrada, his chief minister and mentor. In 1826 his wife Leopoldina died, apparently of an infection brought on after a miscarriage. The people of Brazil loved her and lost respect for Pedro due to his well-known dalliances; some even said that she had died because he hit her. Back in Portugal, his father died in 1826 and pressure mounted on Pedro to go to Portugal to claim the throne there. Pedro’s plan was to marry his daughter Maria to his brother Miguel, which would make Maria queen and Miguel regent. The plan failed when Miguel seized power in 1828. Abdication of Pedro I of Brazil Pedro began looking to remarry, but word of his poor treatment of the respected Leopoldina preceded him and most European princesses wanted nothing to do with him. He eventually settled on Amà ©lie of Leuchtenberg. He treated Amà ©lie well, even banishing his longtime mistress, Domitila de Castro. Although he was quite liberal for his time- he favored the abolition of slavery and supported the Constitution- he continually fought with the Brazilian Liberal party. In March of 1831, Brazilian liberals and Portuguese royalists fought in the streets. He responded by firing his liberal cabinet, leading to outrage and calls for him to abdicate. He did so on April 7, abdicating in favor of his son Pedro, then 5 years old. Brazil would be ruled by regents until Pedro II came of age. Return to Europe Pedro I had great troubles in Portugal. His brother Miguel had usurped the throne and had a firm hold on power. Pedro spent time in France and Great Britain; both nations were supportive but unwilling to get involved in a Portuguese civil war. He entered the city of Porto in July of 1832 with an army consisting of liberals, Brazilians, and foreign volunteers. Things went poorly at first because King Manuels army was much larger and laid siege to Pedro in Porto for over a year. Pedro then sent some of his forces to attack the south of Portugal, a surprise move that worked. Lisbon fell in July 1833. Just as it looked like the war was over, Portugal got drawn into the First Carlist War in neighboring Spain; Pedros assistance kept Queen Isabella II of Spain in power. Death Pedro was at his best in times of crises, as the years of warring had actually brought out the best in him. He was a natural wartime leader who had a real connection to the soldiers and people who suffered in the conflict. He even fought in the battles. In 1834 he won the war: Miguel was exiled from Portugal forever and Pedros daughter Maria II was placed upon the throne. She would rule until 1853. The warring, however, took its toll on Pedros health. By September 1834, he was suffering from advanced tuberculosis. He died on September 24 at the age of 35. Legacy During his reign, Pedro I was unpopular with the people of Brazil, who resented his impulsiveness, lack of statecraft, and mistreatment of the beloved Leopoldina. Although he was quite liberal and favored a strong Constitution and the abolition of slavery, Brazilian liberals constantly criticized him. Today, however, Brazilians and Portuguese alike respect his memory. His stance on the abolition of slavery was ahead of its time. In 1972, his remains were returned to Brazil with great fanfare. In Portugal, he is respected for overthrowing his brother Miguel, who had put an end to modernizing reforms in favor of a strong monarchy. During Pedros day, Brazil was far from the united nation it is today. Most of the towns and cities were located along the coast and contact with the mostly unexplored interior was irregular. Even the coastal towns were fairly isolated from one another and correspondence often went first through Portugal. Powerful regional interests, such as coffee growers, miners, and sugarcane plantations were growing, threatening to split the country apart. Brazil could very easily have gone the way of the Republic of Central America or Gran Colombia and been split up, but Pedro I and his son Pedro II were firm in their determination to keep Brazil whole. Many modern Brazilians credit Pedro I with the unity they enjoy today. Sources Adams, Jerome R. Latin American Heroes: Liberators and Patriots from 1500 to the Present. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991.Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962Levine, Robert M. The History of Brazil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

4 Ps of Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

4 Ps of Marketing - Term Paper Example The reason behind the success of business includes a long process where the achievement of success depends on marketing. The success associated with the marketing process depends upon various marketing strategies and these marketing strategies deal with 4 Ps of marketing. Thus, the implementation of marketing strategies in an appropriate manner is very important in order to achieve success by an organization. In other words, the marketing mix is the combination of all the marketing plans made by an organization (Belohlavek, 2008). Each of these four P’s is very important factors for an organization in order to create such a marketing mix which will easily attract customers towards the organization. It helps in determining the profit potential of an organization. Product means the goods/services which are offered to the customers by an organization. Apart from the offering of the physical product, there are various other elements associated with the product which helps in attra cting the customers. It can be the packaging of the product, any additional feature in the product etc. In the case of service product, it is the quality of services, the facilities provided to the customers, etc which help to attract the customers towards the organization. ...In a similar way, basic products which are used regularly should be positioned targeting the price conscious customers. Some of the important aspects associated with the products are design, warranties, brand name, product range, etc. Customer research is one of the key elements while creating an effective marketing mix. The organization’s knowledge about the needs and demands of the target market as well as about the competitors will help it to offer the product that will be appealing to the customers and will avoid various mistakes. Addition of a new product in the business always includes an acceptable amount of risk/return exchange. For example- If the company is very good, with a high brand name, t hen providing services on time is the most important part of the product bundle.

Capturing the knowledge of individuals Assignment

Capturing the knowledge of individuals - Assignment Example This one challenge is the one that makes the modern expert systems to be unable to operate like humans do. Although these systems are not entirely perfect for delivering decisions like human beings, they do have a number of useful elements that make it worth investing in them. These knowledge systems can be used to help the organization on knowledge management. According to Malhotra (2000) one of the biggest advantages in the form of knowledge with these systems is that, unlike human experts, they don’t leave the firm and they don’t die. Knowledge and expertise held by these systems can stay in the organization forever as long as it is protected from physical damage. They therefore provide the firm with consistence knowledge over time and are able to make sure that this knowledge is always available. It is prudent for any firm to invest in this system because even if they cannot replace the experts completely, they are very useful in knowledge management. Expert systems are knowledge systems which helps the organization to not only store information but to also utilize it. They make it possible for the organization to store useful expert knowledge which can then be used by other experts and aids in decision making. The main importance of expert systems is that when correctly used, they gather the information from the experts of the organization and store this information in the form of knowledge. These systems don’t just gather information and data but rather.

A View Of Adultery And Its Lasting Effects Philosophy Essay

A View Of Adultery And Its Lasting Effects Philosophy Essay This essay is about adultery and some of the things that happens to people who are the victims of it. By victims, I not only mean the spouse(s) who was being cheated on, but I am also referring to the children who are in the family unit as well. I am focusing on the fact that adultery is a selfish and very horrible act that can literally destroy a family. Along with the family being destroyed, the lives of each individual person involved are destroyed as well. The victims of adultery will face many challenges, emotionally and mentally, that could result in some very long term effects. My argument is that adultery does so much damage to a persons emotional and mental well being, that it should be treated as an abusive crime. Adultery Is Abuse Adultery, to some, may not be that big of a deal, especially if they are the ones committing it. But what happens when a spouse or a partners whole entire world falls down around them after they learn their partner has committed adultery? Adultery is a selfish and very cruel act that happens every day. It not only ruins marriages, but it can literally destroy the lives of everyone around the adulterer. Someone who is a victim of adultery can be presented to large amounts of downfalls in their life. Emotional and mental abuses are two of the major things they will go through. If the case is bad enough, and the person cant take mentally and emotionally dealing with what their spouse has done, adultery can even lead to death. Its mind boggling that such a selfish act can bring so much pain to so many lives, but it does to thousands of people every day. Even more disturbing, the adulterer is rarely punished or held accountable for all the pain their actions inflicted on so many other liv es. Adultery is nothing less than abuse, and should be treated as such in a court of law. Maybe you have seen it happen, or perhaps you have even been a victim of adultery. It is nothing no one person should take lightly. It creeps into the marriage and eats away at the very core of the once blessed union. It can effect even the strongest of couples and literally tear families apart at the seams. David M. Buss and Todd K. Shackelford (1997) showed that despite its destructive impact, infidelities are estimated conservatively to occur in about half of all marriages. (Buss D.M. Shackelford T.K.,1997 p.216). It can definitely be shocking and scary to hear that adultery can occur in almost half of all marriages. This can lead one to believe that marriages, as well as issues pertaining to adultery, are not being taken very seriously in America anymore. With this being said, its sad to see exactly how many peoples lives are ruined over the blatant lack of respect the general population has for marriages and staying true to their partner. Adultery in itself can affect every single person that is exposed to it or around it, especially the children. The effects of adultery can even ripple to the non-immediate family and friends. Out of everyone adultery effects, the spouse or spouses who are having adultery committed against them as well as the children who are involved with the families will sadly take the brunt of the pain adultery has to offer. Ruth K. Westheimer and Pierre A Lehu (2007) proclaimed adultery is probably the single-most cited grounds for divorce. (Westheimer, R.K. Lehu, P.A., 2007 p. 332s) Not only will the family have to deal with the tragic act of adultery once it is brought to the light, but they will also have to deal with the horrible divorce they may face if they choose to go through it. Divorce in itself, for whatever reason, can cause enormous amounts of negative impact on the whole entire family, including the children. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Cornelia Brentano (2006) suggested that compared with children in intact families, children from divorced families are more likely to have conduct problems and show signs of psychological maladjustment; they have lower academic achievement, more social difficulties, and poorer self-esteem.(Clarke-Stewart Brentano2006 p.107) This can also stay with the children far beyond the point of reaching adulthood. Clarke-Stewart Brentano (2006) pointed out: In one study of college students, researchers found that those who had experienced their parents divorce reported distressing feelings, beliefs, and experiences. These were resilient young people and the divorce had occurred years earlier, but still they harbored painful feelings. (p.108) If children live with one parent full time, they also have a chance of having less and less contact with the other parent as time goes by. This can also cause a great deal of strain on a child, as well as feelings of abandonment and possibly hate. As mentioned earlier, children will only have to deal with these issues if their parents decide to get a divorce after the adultery is found out. Unfortunately, the effects of divorce on children are only part of the problem when adultery is involved. Adultery can cause some very serious effects to children without divorce even being present. Children of all ages, even adult children, can be affected by adultery. Children, for the most part, look to their parents for guidance and as role models. Children also tend to put most of their trust into their parents, trust adultery can easily break. Watching their parents go through the strains of adultery will most likely affect them and cause enormous amounts of strain on their own life. They will be in the front row seat watching the tension, stress, arguments, grief, sadness, loss and despair. The parents could try and get the children to take sides, making them feel torn inside and also making their lives seem completely out of control. Some parents who commit adultery can even tell the secret of their actions to their children, making them promise not to tell the other spouse, causing the children to be filled with even more pain and despair as they dont know which direction to turn. The spouse isnt the only person to feel betrayed, as the children will feel it too once they find out about the adultery. Children who are a product of adultery will, without a doubt, be negatively affected as well. In the worst circumstances, pregnancy due to adultery can even result in neonaticide. Nicky A. Jackson (2007) describes neonaticide as the killing of a newborn within twenty-four hours of birth. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p. 568) Jackson also states the most common reason for neonaticide among married women Is extramarital paternity. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p. 568) If these children are carried to term, they still have a chance of being born surrounded by controversy. They may immediately be given up for adoption or have their mother deny them information about their real father. The worst of these scenarios is having another man raise them, only to find out years later the man they knew their whole life as their father was never their real father. This can lead to emotional problems for the child, depression, feeling of rejection and difficulty having healthy relationships in their life, among many other things. Emotional abuse is definitely presented to the family, whether intentionally or not, from adultery. Unfortunately, there are still many other things that adultery negatively impacts families with. Physical health is something else adultery affects. People who are in a marriage trust their spouse enough to have unprotected sex with them. The natural thought for married couples is the fact they dont have to worry about catching any kind of sexually transmitted diseases from them. Even if the adulterer is careful in using protection, it is still not 100% effective. Every day, an unsuspecting spouse takes a trip to the doctors office because they havent been feeling very well, or have a sudden rash appear on them. And every day, there is an unsuspecting spouse who receives the news that they have a disease. Some even get told that the disease they have is incurable. Jennifer S. Hirsch et al.(2009) even stated for most women in the world, their biggest risk of HIV infection comes from having sex with their husbands. (Hirsch, J.S. et al., 2009 p. vii) Married men, who are the victims of adultery, are no doubt unknowingly catching these diseases as well. To find out you have a disease that you caught from the only person you have had sexual contact with, and to realize they had to catch it from most likely having sexual contact with someone else can be described as nothing less than devastating. Fortunately, a lot of people dont find out about adultery from being diagnosed with a disease. Even with no disease present, the mental and emotional anguish people go through as a result of finding out their spouse has committed adultery is still the same. Someone finding out their spouse has been cheating on them will go through a plethora of negative emotions and feelings. Paul R Peluso (2007) says finding out that your spouse had an affair can be a devastating experience for the noninvolved partner. The revelation of an affair ushers in a host of emotions including rage, sorrow, shock, and shame. (Peulso, P.R.,2007 p.63) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is unfortunately something else the victim of a cheating spouse can go through. Mark A. Whisman and Tina P. Wagers(2005) found that major depressive episodes and post- traumatic stress disorder are the most common diagnoses found in noninvolved partners.(Whisman, M.A. Wagers, T.P.,2005 p.61) It is horrific to think that people are going through so much trauma because of adultery, that they are actually catching a horrible psychological illness in return. PTSDs symptoms include flashbacks, depression, anger, nightmares, and anxiety. This condition is strong enough to disrupt everyday life for someone, and can also last for years. The onset of PTSD can also cause people to turn to drugs and/or alcohol. Even if PTSD is not present, people who are the victims of adultery will most likely deal with severe emotional and psychological stress. Michael Clanchy and Chris Trotter (1999) stated: In many instances, betrayal through infidelity can be very close to what we term domestic violence. Unfaithful parties are often insensitive to the pain they inflict, as are perpetrators of physical and psychological violence. Often the faithful party is as vulnerable and dependent as the victim of repeated bashing. Furthermore, the [behavior] patterns of ongoing infidelity often parallel the well-documented stages in the cycle of domestic abuse. (Clanchy, M., Trotter, C., 1999 para. 4) Unfortunately, adultery can go even further than just the dilapidation of lives. The most horrid outcome from adultery is death. Adultery can, without a doubt, hurt people enough to take other peoples lives. There is not one life that should be taken or lost over adultery; sadly enough, innocent lives are lost due to adultery every day. Death can occur by suicide, murder, or even murder/suicide cases. There are even instances were murder will involve the children of the family as well. Two of the more disturbing instances that involve the children are spousal revenge filicide and paternal filicide. Spousal filicide, according to Jackson (2007) is parents who murder their offspring in a deliberate attempt to make their spouses suffer. Infidelity, either proved or suspected, is a common precipitant for spousal-revenge filicide. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p569) The second is paternal filicide which Jackson (2007) explains as [husbands] killing the childs mother as well as the child, often followed by the [husbands] suicide. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p569) It is clear that a heartbreaking act, such as adultery, will push people over the edge and do things they normally would never do. As a matter of fact, Richard Worth and John L. French (2008) claimed among the oldest motives for murder are passion and jealousy. (Worth, R French, J. L., 2008 p34) Even though a spouse may commit murder against their spouse, their spouses lover, or perhaps both, they still have a chance of only getting charged with voluntary manslaughter. This is by no means justifiable to take other peoples lives; however, it only goes to show exactly how much adultery can damage someones emotions, as well as their mental state. According to Jim Silver (2008) if a killing that would otherwise be murder is committed in response to sufficient provocation, it is voluntary manslaughter and is usually punished less severely than murder. (Silver,J., 2008 p30) Silver (2008) also adds: Over time, most jurisdictions developed rules about what is sufficiently provocative to cause a reasonable person to lose control of his passions. The standard ones included things like a serious physical attack or a husband finding his wife committing adultery.(Silver,J., 2008 p31) As you can see, adultery is as sufficiently provocative as a serious physical attack, thus allowing someone to act in such a way that they can take lives away from other people. Crimes of passion cases like these are heard in court every single day in the United States. One of the most popular cases like this is with Eric McLean from Tennessee. According to Yvette Martinez (2008), McLean shot and murdered his wifes boyfriend, but only received a conviction of reckless homicide, which is only punishable by up to 4 years in prison. McLean only served 47 days in prison and was allowed to serve the rest of his sentence on parole. (Martinez, Y., 2009) The victims in this case were both Mclean, who was having adultery committed against him as well as the boyfriend of the spouse who was shot at close range and murdered by McLean. The lives of both of these men, as well as the two children McLean and his wife shared and the family of the teenage boyfriend, were severely disrupted by McLeans wifes selfish choice of committing adultery. The young boyfriend did not have to lose his life nor did his family have to lose their son, while McLean should not have to live the rest of his life with a death of another person on his shoulders. Sadly enough, the one person who brought all of the pain and sorrow to both of these families (McLeans wife), did not get punished at all. In conclusion, given all the emotional and mental anguish as well as the severe disruption of lives adultery causes, it should be treated as nothing less than abuse. Laws pertaining to adultery do exist in some states, but are rarely enforced. You probably never even heard of anyone going to jail simply because they committed adultery, but you do hear people of going to jail over abuse. It is my argument, that people who make a conscience decision to step outside their marriage and commit this selfish act, should be punished. There are laws pertaining to the lover of the spouse committing adultery, specifically alienation of affection, that allows the victimized spouse to sue the lover; however, sometimes too much damage is done, and no amount of money can possibly fix it. Sadly enough, peoples lives can be lost over this situation. If bloodshed is cast, and people die over this type of situation, it should be the adulterer who is charged with the murderer(s) as well. The lives of people, especially family, should never be treated with such disrespect. Clanchy and Trotter (1999) claimed infidelity can be as devastating as a violent attack. (Clanchy, M., Trotter, C., 1999 para. 8) There is nothing truer than that statement. Adultery is a crime against people and their emotions as well as their mental well being, and should be treated as violence. It is time this crime is taken seriously; the people who commit it are thoroughly punished, and lives are no longer ripped to shreds by adultery.

Morality and Ethics Essay

Morality and ethics are terms often used as if they have the same meaning. At other times, they are used as if they have no relationship to one another. I think most people realize ethics and morality have something to do with the concepts of good and bad. However, English is not like French, which has the Academic Fantasies acting as its linguistic jury – establishing what proper French is. English changes at the impulse of the crowded. One can bomb, and that’s bad, but if one is the bomb, and that’s good. The word â€Å"morality† has been co-opted by groups, such as the Moral Majority, making us think morality only deals with acts these religious groups think aren’t proper, or are therefore immoral. The meanings of the terms â€Å"ethics† and â€Å"morality† can be differentiated based on their origins in ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. As a result, words that come into the English language from the Greeks often have meanings that are primarily philosophical study, while the Latin-derived words imply â€Å"doing the thing. † Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos – moral character or custom. Morality comes from the Latin word moralist – custom or manner. The words both deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad. Morality, strictly speaking, is used to refer to what we would call moral conduct or standards. Morality is looking at how good or bad our conduct is, and our standards about conduct. Ethics is used to refer to the formal study of those standards or conduct. Sometimes, one refers to the study of conduct as moral philosophy, but that is less common than just saying â€Å"ethics. † One might say that morality is ethics in action, but in the end, the two terms can be used interchangeably. The study of ethics or moral philosophy can be divided into three broad areas: descriptive, normative and analytical or met ethics. Ethics deals with such questions at all levels. Its subject consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong. The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We now often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. These applications are an extension of the meaning of ethics. Strictly speaking, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy. Although ethics has always been viewed as a branch of philosophy, its all-embracing practical nature links it with many other areas of study, including anthropology, biology, economics, history, politics, sociology, and theology. Yet, ethics remains distinct from such disciplines because it is not a matter of factual knowledge in the way that the sciences and other branches of inquiry are. Rather, it has to do with determining the nature of normative theories and applying these sets of principles to practical moral problems. Virtually every human society has some form of myth to explain the origin of morality. In the Louvre in Paris there is a black Babylonian column with a relief showing the sun god Shamash presenting the code of laws to Hammurabi. The Old Testament account of God giving the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mt. Sinai might be considered another example. In Plato’s Protagoras there is an avowedly mythical account of how Zeus took pity on the wretched humans, who, living in small groups and with insufficient teeth, weak claws, and lack of speed, were no match for the other beasts. To make up for these deficiencies, Zeus gave humans a moral sense and the capacity for law and justice, so that they could live in larger communities and cooperate with one another. There is some difficulty, already known to Plato, with the view that morality was created by a divine power. In his dialogue Euthyphro, Plato considered the suggestion that it is divine approval that makes an action good. Plato pointed out that if this were the case, we could not say that the gods approve of the actions because the actions are good. Why then do the gods approve of these actions rather than others? Is their approval entirely capricious? Plato considered this impossible and so held that there must be some standards of right or wrong that are independent of the likes and dislikes of the gods. Modern philosophers have generally accepted Plato’s argument because the alternative implies that if the gods had happened to approve of torturing children and to disapprove of helping one’s neighbors, then torture would have been good and neighborliness bad. That morality should be invested with all the mystery and power of divine origin is not surprising. Nothing else could provide such strong reasons for accepting the moral law. By attributing a divine origin to morality, the priesthood became its interpreter and guardian, and thereby secured for itself a power that it would not readily abandon. This link between morality and religion has been so firmly forged that it is still sometimes asserted that there can be no morality without religion. According to this view, ethics ceases to be an independent field of study. It becomes, instead, moral theology.

The Contribution Of The Enlightenment Era - 1725 Words

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Female genital mutilation or FGM is defined as a procedure involving partial or total removal of female genit al organs . â€Å"Subjecting girls and women to female genital mutilation violates their rights that are protected in international and regional instruments .† It is a social ritual that is performed in 28 countries from Africa to the Middle East. 130 million women are affected by this harmful practice each year with most girls being 4-11 years old (See Figure 1). The prevalence of female genital mutilation in Somalia is the largest in the world with 98% (Figure 2). FGM has been considered a human rightsShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Era Of 1620 And 1789910 Words   |  4 Pages Enlightenment Era of 1620 and 1789 The European politics, communication, science and philosophy were radically reoriented between 1685 and 1815, during a time that was referred to as the Age of Reason, or in other words, the Enlightenment Era. 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Asian Culture and Healthcare - 792 Words

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The practitioner uses nine needles placed in specific point on the body to release yin (cold) or yang (heat) and create a balance between the two. The treatment can range from cancer, arthritis, or the common cold but, is mainly used for treatment of pain relief. There is also qi and chi which is the flow of energy throughout the body which is something like yin and yang it is all about a balance in the body for healing and good health. Too much on one will create an unbalance in the energy flow in the body and will require treatment of the use of yin and yang principles. Another practice in medicine inShow MoreRelatedCulture Sensitivity And The Asian Culture1076 Words   |  5 PagesCulture sensitivity, or cultural competency, is the knowledge that allow workers to recognize or value different cultures and differences other than their own, to give them the ability to respond efficiently to various cultural needs (Denisco Barker, 2015). 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